Education: Lincoln College of Chiropractic 1959
Techniques: Activator Methods, Diversified

Education: Palmer College of Chiropractic 1978
Techniques: Cox, Activator Methods

Techniques: Sacro Occipital Technique, Activator Methods, Diversified

Education: Logan College of Chiropractic 2004
Techniques: Thompson, Flexion-Distraction, Diversified, Activator Methods, Active Release Technique, Trigger Point Therapy