Education: Palmer College of Chiropractic 1959
Techniques: Cox, Upper Cervical

Education: Palmer College of Chiropractic 2001
Techniques: Gonstead, Activator Methods, Active Release Technique, Diversified, Palmer Package, Thompson, Toggle Recoil, Lumbar/distraction-Cox

Education: Lincoln College of Chiropractic 1950

Education: New York Chiropractic College 1996
Techniques: Diversified, Cox, Flexion-Distraction, Gonstead, Thompson, Cervical Drop Headpiece

Education: Cleveland Chiropractic College at Kansas City
Techniques: Diversified, Gonstead, Sacro Occipital Technique, Activator Methods

Education: Life University 1999
Techniques: CranioSacral Therapy, Diversified, Myofascial, Thompson, Sacro Occipital Technique, Trigger Point Therapy